Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can be a fatal condition, but it is not always the case. The risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) from HCM is highest in young adults, particularly athletes. According to the American Heart Association, the lifetime risk of SCD in people with HCM is about 1% to 3%, but it is much higher for those with certain risk factors, such as:
- A family history of SCD
- A severe thickening of the heart muscle
- A history of fainting
- A history of arrhythmias
People with HCM who have any of these risk factors should be closely monitored by their doctor and may need to take medications or have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) to help lower their risk of SCD. With proper treatment and management, most people with HCM can live long and healthy lives.
The exact cause of HCM is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. HCM is most often diagnosed in young adults and adolescents. However, it can also occur in children and older adults.
Symptoms of HCM can vary depending on the severity of the disease. Some people with HCM may have no symptoms at all. Others may experience:
- Chest pain
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
- Fainting
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to see your doctor to get a diagnosis and discuss treatment options.
Treatment for HCM depends on the severity of the disease and the presence of symptoms. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary. However, most people with HCM will need to take medications to control their symptoms and reduce their risk of complications. Some people with HCM may also need to have an ICD implanted to help prevent SCD.
With proper treatment and management, most people with HCM can live long and healthy lives.